If you love pork, you must try this kakuni (角煮, simmered pork belly). The pork is cooked slowly so it is tender and it has a lovely sweet soy sauce flavour, but it does not over power the flavour of pork. Though it requires patience to cook slowly, this is very easy to make.
Some say that kakuni came from China during the time when Japan was closed to most of the outside world. At the time, the only port city where foreign ships had access to was Nagasaki and the Chinese dish called Dongpo Pork was introduced to Nagasaki. Over the years, it was modified to the Japanese palette and evolved to became kakuni.
Kaku (角) comes from the word kakugiri (角切り) which means ‘cut into cubes/square’ and ni (煮) comes from the word niru (煮る) which means to simmer/cook in liquid. So the name kakuni does not imply or mean “pork” but if you say kakuni, it has to be made with pork belly.
Pork belly has a lot of fat but that’s where all the flavour is. However, by cooking the pork belly for a long time, much of the fat melts away and the fat that remains is really tender so the finished dish does not taste fatty.
Kakuni is simple to make with only common Japanese seasonings. Time is the only restricting factor if you are in a hurry because it will take almost 3 hours to cook in a normal pot. But if you use a pressure cooker, you can shorten the cooking time significantly.
Some kakuni recipes brown the meat cubes in a fry pan first before simmering them in the braising liquid. But I don’t, probably because I used to mostly cook kakuni in a pressure cooker where I threw everything in a pot and just cooked after quickly blanching the meat.
Some recipes have boiled eggs added into the braising liquid towards the end. The surface of the egg gets stained brown and looks quite dramatic when served cut in half – imagine the yellow yolk and the egg whites outlined in brown. To come to think of it, I don’t think I have ever served eggs with kakuni which is surprising given that my youngest daughter loves eggs and asks for eggs to be added to everything!
Kakuni is usually served as a main dish but it can also be served as an appetiser/starter with just a couple of pieces per serving. In my photos, you can see the dish served as a main meal on a white plate as well as an appetiser on two little plates with stand.
It is traditional to serve kakuni with a drop of Japanese mustard called karashi (辛子 or からし). Karashi is a bit darker yellow than most other mustard. It does not have acidity in it and very hot. It is perhaps closest to hot English mustard.
You can buy karashi at Japanese/Asian grocery stores. They come either as paste in a tube or powder in a small tin. The tube version seems to be more widely available. Karashi in a tube looks like this.
If you happen to get karashi in powder form, you just mix the powder with warm water in a little bowl to make a paste, then cover and leave it for a while to develop spiciness.
I ran out of karashi so I used hot English mustard this time and it was OK. American mustard does not go as well due to strong acidity.
Unlike most of my Japanese dishes, you might find that kakuni has rather strong soy sauce flavour. My son commented about it saying that the flavour is strong, unlike my usual dishes. But it has to be strong flavoured, otherwise it won’t be kakuni. If your palette is on a sweet side, you could increase the amount of sugar by ½ tablespoon.
Yumiko
- 500g (1lb) pork belly (Note 1)
- 1 shallot/scallion stem , white part crashed (note 7)
- 30g (1oz) ginger , crashed (note 7)
- 100ml (3.foz) sake
- 100ml (3.foz) water
- 2 ½ tbsp soy sauce
- 2 tbsp sugar (Note 2)
- 6 green beans , boiled and cut into bite size
- 1 tbsp shallots , white part julienned (Note 3)
- Japanese karashi (Note4) or hot English mustard (optional)
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Add the Pork ingredients in a large pot which is large enough to lay the pork belly strips. Add generous amount of water and turn the heat on high.
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When the water starts boiling, reduce the heat to low so it simmers. Place a drop lid (Note 5) and cook for 2 hours or until tender (if the pork belly is thicker, you may need cook longer). If the water reduces too much and the pork appears above the water level, add some more water and ensure that the pork is always under the water.
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Using tongs or two spatulas, remove the pork strips carefully from the pot and rinse them under the running cold water gently. The pork should be quite tender now so be careful not to break them.
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Cut each pork belly strip into 3 or 4 equal sizes, about 4cm (1 1/2") wide.
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The liquid in which the pork was boiled can be re-used as soup stock. See Note 6.
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Add the Simmering Sauce ingredients and the pork belly pieces to another pot and turn the heat on high. When started boiling, reduce heat to low to simmer. Place a drop lid (Note 5) and cook for 25 minutes or until the liquid reduces to only about 1-2 tablespoons. While cooking, shake the pot occasionally to make sure that the sauce coats all sides of the meat.
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Turn the heat off. Plate the pork with green beans on the side, add the julienned shallots on top. Drop a small amount of karashi or hot English mustard.
1. I had 3 strips of pork belly which were about 4cm (1 1/2") thick, 1.5cm (⅝") wide. They came with skin on but I removed the skin.
2. If you like sweeter flavour, you could increase the amount of sugar by ½ tablespoon.
3. Karashi is Japanese mustard. It is yellow paste just like most other mustard but it does not have acidity in it and very hot. You can buy karashi at Japanese/Asian grocery stores. It comes either in a tube as paste or in a tin as powder. To make karashi paste from powder, you mix the powder with warm water in a little bowl to form a paste, cover it with cling wrap for a while to develop spiciness.
3. I just took about 4 cm of the shallot stem (white part) from the Pork ingredients.
5. Drop lid (Otoshi buta - 落し蓋) is a round lid which is slightly smaller than the opening of a saucepan. It is traditionally made of wood but I have a stainless lid. It is placed on top of the ingredients in a pot to ensure the heat is evenly distributed, cook faster, make the ingredients stay in place without breaking apart. It also stops the liquid from evaporating quickly.
If you don’t have a drop lid, you can make one with aluminium foil. Cut a square foil, fold the edges to make it a round shape with the diameter slightly smaller than the port. Then poke the foil with a knife or a chopstick to make holes in several places.
Though using a drop lid is the traditional way of cooking Kakuni, you could just put a lid on the pot though this may affect how evenly the pork is braised.
6. Transfer the liquid in which the pork was boiled into a container through a sieve and leave it in the fridge. When chilled, remove the excess fat formed on the surface of the liquid. You can also freeze it.
7. Use the side of your knife to press down on the side of the shallots to crush the stem. Do the same for the ginger to crush.
Hi Yumiko. Trying this recipe in an instant pot today.
For the sauce-simmer part, what would be the liquid amounts? It would be too little for a pressure cooker to work right? Or should we just try the normal stove method for the sauce?
Hi Raymond, you can use instant pot/pressure cooker with the sauce. But you need to take into account how much water will evaporate from the instant pot while cooking, and also how long you may need to cook. I would think that you only need a bit less than 10 minutes. Then, based on how much water evaporates in 10 minutes with your instant pot (the manual of the instant pot might have this info), you can work out if you need more water to be added to the sauce or not. The aim is to reduce the sauce to only a couple of tablespoons (but I would stop pressure cooker before reaching to this level, just in case).
Can you add to this some meal ideas, like your other recipes? Eg side dish etc
What would be good to serve with this besides rice?
Hi Nikkita, when I get around to it, I will try to add meal ideas for the old recipes like this. Kakuni is heavy and rich. So I would pick light side dishes and lots of vegetables. Adding vivid colours to the meal is also good since Kakuni is a brown dish. How about the following?
* Chawanmushi
* Chinese cabbage and apple salad
* Miso soup or clear soup. If you want more vegetables, you can serve Kenchinjiru.
Hi Yumiko-san,
Can I use a slow cooker instead? How much liquid should I add and how long should i cook it for?
Thank you!
Hi May, I don’t have a slow cooker so this is not based on my experience. Gathering from various Japanese recipes that used a slow cooker, you need 4-5 hours. Reduce the water by half and after finished cooking, you will need to cook it without a lid to condense the liquid to get a similar effect of the shiny sauce on the pork.
What would be the cooking time in a pressure cooker and the liquid amount please. It sounds delicious
Hi Lesley, the initial boiling would need just 20 minutes from the time it starts steaming. The amount of water can be 1000ml. The simmering with the sauce would be 5-8 minutes. Depending on the pressure cooker, the amount of water that evaporates differ. You may need to check after 5 minutes for the second phase of pressure cooking, or calculate the duration you can cook if you know how much water your pressure cooker reduces per minute.
Hi Yumiko!
I love this recipe as does my wife and kids. We’ve made it a few times on the stove but since we just got our first instapot, I’m gonna try that!
So… 20 minutes of high pressure cooking for the pork, then is that 5-8 minutes of pressure cooking in the sauce?
Thank you!!!
Hi Raymond, your estimated timing sound good. It’s good to start with less time that jut right particularly when cooking in the sauce. You can always reduce the sauce without the lid on high heat if needed. Good luck with the new instant pot!
Hi Yumiko, please enlighten me what you refer to when you talk about crashed ginger and shallots. I got fresh ginger and shallots in the house but I am not sure what to do with it. Do I hit it with a mallet 🙂 ?
Hi Dan, I am sorry for not explaining in detail. What I mean is that you use the side of your knife and press down the shite part of the shallots to crush it. The same for the knob of ginger. I will add this to the recipe.
Made these yesterday night for today’s breakfast and they were so comforting and delicious! Added two 7-minute eggs and marinated them in the sauce overnight as well.
Hi Sonja, marinated egg. Yum!
Hi Yumiko, I have made this recipe many times and it has always turned out perfectly!! It’s my husband’s favourite recipe that I make. Thanks for posting 🙂
Hi Amanda, thanks for a great feedback! I like Kakuni too. I often add it to a ramen in place of Yakibuta (Brainsed Pork). Yum.
Making today! How do I prepare with the boiled egg?
Hi Toni, if you are OK with hard boiled eggs, cook the boiled eggs for the last 15-20 minutes of cooking kakuni, then leave the eggs in the liquid for 1-2 hours. If you prefer the egg yolk to be soft, make soft boiled eggs and throw the eggs into the liquid after turning off Kakuni and leave for minimum 1-2 hours+.
How delicious great recipe thanks!!!!
Hi Shane, I’m glad you liked it!
This turned out great. Thanks so much!
Hi Hugo, you are most welcome. I and glad to hear!